Anxiety is common: the National Institute of Mental Health estimates that 19.1% of U.S. adults had an anxiety disorder in the past year.(1)
If you’re comparing L tyrosine supplements, their clearest use is supporting mental performance during stressful conditions. L-Tyrosine is an amino acid precursor used to make dopamine and norepinephrine, and research in this article suggests it may help preserve memory, focus, mental clarity, and mental alertness when stress increases demand on those neurotransmitters.
What about anxiety? L-Tyrosine is not an anxiety treatment, and it can feel overstimulating for some people. Its potential value is narrower: helping cognitive function hold up when stress and anxious feelings make it harder to think clearly.
This guide covers how L-Tyrosine works, what the human stress-performance research shows, practical supplement use, safety and potential risks, and where L-Theanine or non-supplement approaches may fit.
Key Takeaways
- L-Tyrosine is an amino acid precursor used to make catecholamine neurotransmitters including dopamine and norepinephrine.
- Its strongest evidence in this article is for supporting cognitive performance during acute stress—not for treating anxiety disorders.
- Human research suggests L-Tyrosine may help support memory, focus, mental clarity, and cognitive flexibility in high-demand situations.
- More research is needed before L-Tyrosine can be considered a direct anxiety-support ingredient.
- Higher doses can be stimulating, so safety, medication interactions, and individual sensitivity matter.
- L-Theanine is a more directly calming amino acid and may be a better fit when relaxation is the main goal.
Top supplements that stack L-Tyrosine and L-Theanine together
Mind Lab Pro®
Universal Nootropic stacks 11 brain-boosters, including 175 mg of L-Tyrosine as premium N-Acetyl L-Tyrosine (NALT). Combined as part of a broader cognitive-support formula. MLP is backed by 3 human studies examining information processing, memory, and brain-network activity.(2,3,4) Learn more about how Mind Lab Pro works
Pre Lab Pro®
Pre-workout formula combining caffeine with sports-nutrition ingredients and the nootropics L-Tyrosine and L-Theanine. It is designed for energy, stamina, motivation and training performance in a berry-flavored drink mix. Learn more about Pre Lab Pro
Learn more about today's top anxiety supplements
Disclaimer
This article is for educational and wellness purposes only and is not medical advice. L-Tyrosine and other dietary supplements are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease, and these statements have not been evaluated by the FDA. Anyone with frequent or severe anxiety, thyroid or cardiovascular concerns, or other health conditions should consult a physician before use. Ask a physician or pharmacist about potential risks and interactions if you take prescription medicines or other medication. Stop use and seek medical advice if you experience serious side effects.
What Is Anxiety?
Anxiety is a natural human response to stress or perceived threats, but when it becomes persistent or overwhelming, it can interfere with daily life. It often manifests as a sense of unease, worry, or fear that is difficult to control.
People with anxiety may experience a wide range of unpleasant physical symptoms and adverse effects such as a racing heart, tight chest, restlessness, difficulty concentrating, muscle tension, or trouble sleeping. Emotionally, it can feel like an ongoing sense of dread or being “on edge,” even when there’s no clear danger present.
Anxiety can involve many factors, including stress, life experiences, biology, health conditions, and genetics. Persistent or severe symptoms should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.
Did You Know?
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a medical condition that can include anxiety, hypervigilance, intrusive thoughts, and other symptoms after trauma. It requires professional evaluation; this article does not suggest L-Tyrosine as a treatment for PTSD.
While occasional anxiety is a normal part of life, chronic or intense anxiety can significantly impact mental and physical well-being, including affecting social interactions and situational performance.
Learn more about nootropics for social anxiety and performance anxiety
What Is L-Tyrosine, and How Does It Work?
L-Tyrosine is an aromatic amino acid and a raw material used to make catecholamine neurotransmitters: dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine.
These catecholamine neurotransmitters are involved in mood, focus, motivation, arousal, and the body’s response to stress.
Under ordinary conditions, the body regulates catecholamine production according to demand.
But under acute stress, the brain begins burning through them faster than it can make them -- especially when it comes to norepinephrine and dopamine levels.
Under intense stress, catecholamine demand can rise alongside mental fatigue and reduced cognitive performance. L-Tyrosine's nootropic neurotransmitter support has been studied as one way to help maintain performance in these high-demand states.
L-Tyrosine is a starting point for a cascade of brain chemical conversions, assisted by crucial natural enzymes.
Once tyrosine is converted into L-DOPA, it is further converted to produce dopamine, and then (depending on the location and enzyme availability) into norepinephrine and epinephrine. All of these neurotransmitters affect mood states, including anxiety.
- L-Tyrosine → L-DOPA (via the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase)
- L-DOPA → Dopamine (via the enzyme DOPA decarboxylase)
- Dopamine → Norepinephrine (via the enzyme dopamine β-hydroxylase)
- Norepinephrine → Epinephrine (via the enzyme phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, mainly in the adrenal glands)
Did You Know?
Tyrosine also has roles outside the brain. It is a building block involved in thyroid hormones. That endocrine role is separate from the cognitive use of L-Tyrosine supplements discussed here.
L-Tyrosine Supplements: Benefits, Food Sources and Safety
L-Tyrosine is a nonessential amino acid sold in dietary supplements. This article focuses on supplemental tyrosine rather than comparing it with food sources. The research discussed later also examines the amino acid phenylalanine alongside tyrosine in a depletion model.
Most people use L tyrosine supplements for cognitive support under stress rather than as a general “feel good” supplement. The benefits discussed in this article center on focus, memory, mental clarity, and energy during demanding conditions; there is not enough research to call L-Tyrosine a treatment for anxiety.
Common Types of L-Tyrosine Supplements
- Standalone L-Tyrosine: Capsules or powders that supply L-Tyrosine as the primary active ingredient.
- Nootropic supplements: Brain-health formulas that combine L-Tyrosine with ingredients such as L-Theanine, Citicoline, Bacopa, or other cognitive-support nutrients.
- Stress-support supplements: Formulas that pair L-Tyrosine with adaptogens or calming nutrients to support performance during stressful conditions.
- Pre-workout supplements: Performance formulas that use L-Tyrosine alongside caffeine, L-Theanine, electrolytes, or other sports-nutrition ingredients.
- Energy and focus supplements: Multi-ingredient products designed to support mental alertness, focus, motivation, and cognitive performance.
Common Forms of Tyrosine
- L-Tyrosine: The standard free-form amino acid used in most tyrosine supplements and much of the clinical research.
- N-Acetyl L-Tyrosine (NALT): An acetylated form of L-Tyrosine commonly used in nootropic and performance supplements because of its solubility and formulation properties.
- Tyrosine from protein: Tyrosine also occurs naturally as part of dietary proteins in foods such as meat, fish, dairy, eggs, soy, nuts, and seeds.
How to Choose an L-Tyrosine Supplement
Supplement quality and formulas vary. Check the label for the amount per serving and for ingredients relevant to your diet or sensitivities, including wheat, gluten, soy, fish-derived ingredients, or inactive ingredients such as stearic acid when applicable. If you use prescription medicines or have a health condition, ask a physician or pharmacist for advice about safety and interactions before choosing a supplement.
Anxiety and Catecholamines: What’s the Link?
Catecholamine neurotransmitters are closely involved in arousal and the fight-or-flight response. Norepinephrine, in particular, plays a role in alertness and stress signaling. L-Tyrosine is relevant because it is a precursor used in catecholamine production.
So where do tyrosine supplements fit in? Supplementing L-Tyrosine does not directly calm the nervous system the way relaxation-oriented compounds might. Its better-supported role is helping support cognitive performance when acute stress increases catecholamine demand.
When anxious feelings occur alongside a genuinely stressful, high-demand situation, L-Tyrosine may help support mental clarity by supplying precursor material used in catecholamine production. That is different from treating anxiety itself.
In the research summarized here, L-Tyrosine appears most useful under acute stressful conditions, when cognitive demand is high. That context matters when evaluating whether L tyrosine helps a particular performance problem.
Did You Know?
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are prescription medicines that alter monoamine neurotransmitter signaling. Because L-Tyrosine feeds catecholamine production, people taking an MAOI or other relevant medication should ask a physician or pharmacist about interactions before using tyrosine supplements.
Research on L-Tyrosine and Stress Performance
While these studies were not designed to treat anxiety disorders, human research supports positive effects of L-Tyrosine on aspects of cognitive performance under stressful conditions:
- Cold exposure: Improved learning and short-term memory (5)
- Combat training in cadets: Supported cognitive performance and blood-pressure responses under extreme pressure (6)
- Sleep deprivation: Maintained mood and working memory (7)
- Acute stress / demanding conditions: Supported cognitive performance (8)
These scenarios mimic what anxiety often feels like: overstimulation, poor focus, and mental overload.
These results make L-Tyrosine relevant when anxiety occurs in the context of high stress and cognitive overload, but they do not establish it as an anxiety treatment.
Stress vs. Anxiety: How L-Tyrosine Might Help With Both
Stress and anxiety are often spoken of in the same breath -- and for good reason. While they’re distinct, they share overlapping neurochemical pathways, symptoms, and effects on mental performance. And that’s where L-Tyrosine, one of the most studied nootropics for stress resilience, may play a bigger role.
Stress is a response to a challenge. A deadline, confrontation, sleep loss, cold exposure, or intense workout can increase physiological and cognitive demand. Catecholamine systems are part of that response.
Anxiety can occur with or without an immediate external challenge. It may involve increased arousal, racing thoughts, restlessness, and difficulty concentrating. Those overlapping performance problems are why stress research on L-Tyrosine is relevant—but not equivalent—to anxiety research.
The L-Tyrosine Advantage: Protecting Brainpower in High Demand States
L-Tyrosine acts as a precursor to dopamine and norepinephrine, which helps explain why it has been studied during intense stress and cognitive overload.
Taking tyrosine supplements has been studied for helping maintain cognitive performance under high demand.
Studies show that during military training, cold exposure, loud noise, or sleep deprivation, supplementing with L-Tyrosine helps maintain mental clarity, decision-making, and working memory.
So what does this have to do with anxiety?
Anxiety Is Distracting, Just Like Stress.
Anxiety disrupts focus, depletes cognitive resources, and makes it harder to think clearly, especially in high-pressure situations.
Stress and anxiety can overlap in ways that disrupt attention, working memory, and decision-making. L-Tyrosine research is most relevant when that cognitive strain occurs during a demanding situation.
Here's the Theory:
If L-Tyrosine helps maintain cognitive performance under stress, it may also help some people function better when anxious feelings occur during the same kind of demanding situation. This remains a theory rather than a demonstrated anxiety benefit.
In short, L-Tyrosine is better framed as stress-performance support than as a calming supplement.
Example: You’re giving a presentation and feel anxious. Your focus slips as the performance demand rises. That kind of stressful cognitive challenge is closer to the situations studied in L-Tyrosine research than generalized anxiety is.
Ultimately, L-Tyrosine’s ability to support mental performance under stress may extend to performance during anxiety, especially when the anxiety is related to cognitively demanding situations.
While more direct research is needed, L-Tyrosine may be worth discussing with a healthcare professional when the goal is cognitive performance under stress—not anxiety treatment.
What the Research Does—and Doesn't—Show About Anxiety
The existing references in this article support L-Tyrosine mainly for cognitive performance under stress. There is not enough research here to conclude that L-Tyrosine directly reduces anxiety symptoms, treats an anxiety disorder, or reliably changes fear responses. More research is needed on anxiety-specific outcomes.
How to Use L-Tyrosine for Anxiety (In Theory)
If you are considering the nonessential amino acid L-Tyrosine for stress-related brain fog or cognitive fatigue, keep the difference between research use and personal supplementation in mind:
Be cautious with dose: One study using a very high research dose calculated per kilogram of body weight reported increased anger during severe psychological stress.(9) That does not mean such research doses are appropriate for routine supplementation. Follow product directions and professional advice.
Match use to the situation: The research in this article is strongest during acute stress or cognitive demand. Timing varies by product and individual, so follow label directions rather than assuming one universal schedule.
Use caution with stimulants: Combining tyrosine with caffeine or stimulant-heavy products may feel overstimulating for some people, especially if they are anxiety-prone or sensitive to stimulants.
Consider situational use: Much of the evidence discussed here involves short-term use around stressful tasks rather than proving a need for daily supplementation.
N-Acetyl L-Tyrosine (NALT): NALT is an acetylated form used in some nootropic formulas. The existing references in this article do not provide enough research to conclude that NALT is better absorbed or more effective than regular L-Tyrosine.
Talk to your doctor: If you have thyroid, blood-pressure, heart, or mental-health concerns—or take MAO inhibitors, thyroid medicines, or other prescription medication—ask your physician or pharmacist before using L-Tyrosine.
L-Theanine May Be a Better Fit for Relaxation
While L-Tyrosine is better known for cognitive performance under stress, L-Theanine—another amino acid—has been studied more directly for relaxation and anxiety-related outcomes.
L-Theanine, found naturally in green tea, is commonly used because it promotes relaxation without heavy sedation and has been studied for effects on brain activity and neurotransmitter-related pathways.
L-Theanine has also been studied for Alpha brain-wave activity associated with relaxed alertness.
A 2024 systematic review evaluated L-Theanine supplementation across clinical studies involving mental-health outcomes. The findings suggest potential benefits in some settings, but they do not establish L-Theanine as a treatment or cure for anxiety disorders.(10)
For someone whose main goal is calm rather than stress-performance support, L-Theanine may be the more directly relevant ingredient. Individual response varies, and clinical anxiety should still be addressed with a qualified healthcare professional.
L-Tyrosine + L-Theanine: Complementary Roles?
L-Tyrosine and L-Theanine are often paired because they have different roles: tyrosine is used for stress-performance support, while theanine is used more for relaxed focus.
Conceptually, L-Theanine supports calm focus while L-Tyrosine supports mental performance in demanding or high-pressure situations.
That complementary positioning explains why the two amino acids appear together in some nootropic formulas, although whether the combination is appropriate depends on dose, sensitivity, other supplements, and medication use.
Read our full article on L-Tyrosine and L-Theanine Together
Natural Modalities for Anxiety Relief
Beyond dietary supplements, several evidence-based approaches are used to support people with anxiety. These should be considered on their own merits rather than simply as add-ons to supplements.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
CBT is widely regarded as the gold standard for treating anxiety disorders. It focuses on identifying and modifying negative thought patterns and behaviors. Meta-analyses have demonstrated that CBT is highly effective across various anxiety disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, and panic disorder.(11)
Learn about some nootropics for panic attacks
Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBIs)
Mindfulness practices, such as Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), include meditation, yoga, breathing exercises and other practices that cultivate a state of present-moment awareness. Meta-analytic reviews have found that MBIs can significantly reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression.(12)
Yoga
Yoga combines physical postures, breathing exercises, and meditation. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses have shown that yoga can lead to significant reductions in anxiety symptoms, making it a beneficial complementary approach.(13)
Physical Exercise
Regular physical activity has been associated with reduced anxiety levels. Meta-analyses indicate that both aerobic and resistance training can effectively alleviate symptoms of anxiety.(14)
Acupuncture
Acupuncture, a traditional Chinese medicine technique, involves inserting thin needles into specific points on the body. Systematic reviews suggest that acupuncture may have beneficial effects in reducing anxiety symptoms, particularly in generalized anxiety disorder.(15)
A qualified healthcare professional can help determine which approaches fit your symptoms, health history, and treatment needs.
Nootropic Supplements with L-Tyrosine
Mind Lab Pro®
MLP Ingredients: Citicoline (CDP Choline) dosage 250mg per serving, Phosphatidylserine (PS) 100mg (from sunflower lecithin), Bacopa monnieri 150mg (24% bacosides), Organic Lion's Mane Mushroom 500mg (fruit and mycelium), Maritime Pine Bark Extract 75mg (95% proanthocyanidins), N-Acetyl L-Tyrosine 175mg, L-Theanine 100mg per serving, Rhodiola rosea 50mg (3% rosavins and 1% salidrosides), NutriGenesis® Vitamin B6 (2.5 mg), Vitamin B9 (100 mcg), Vitamin B12 (7.5 mcg)
Mind Lab Pro® (MLP) is a multi-ingredient nootropic supplement designed to support multiple aspects of cognitive performance and brain health. Its formula includes 175 mg of N-Acetyl L-Tyrosine (NALT) alongside L-Theanine and other nootropics, making it relevant to this article’s focus on mental performance during stress. It should not be positioned as a treatment for anxiety.
“It also helped calm me in stressful moments and reduced some of my reactionary stress responses.”
Mind Lab Pro has been evaluated in three human studies:
- Study 1: After 30 days, researchers reported improvements in measures of information-processing performance versus placebo.(2)
- Study 2: After 30 days, researchers reported improvements across multiple memory measures versus placebo, including immediate and delayed recall.(3)
- Study 3: After 60 days, the study did not find faster or more accurate perceptual decision-making versus placebo, but EEG measures showed differences in brain-network interdependencies.(4)
Pre Lab Pro®
Pre Lab Pro® ingredients: Red Beetroot Powder, 1500 mg; Setria® Performance Blend, 2200 mg; Natural Caffeine, 80 mg; L-Theanine, 160 mg; L-Tyrosine, 400 mg; Vitamin D3 (as NutriGenesis®), 500 IU; Potassium (as NutriGenesis®), 49.5 mg; Iron (as NutriGenesis®), 2.5 mg; Himalayan Pink Salt, 500 mg
Pre Lab Pro® is a pre-workout formula that combines L-Theanine and L-Tyrosine with caffeine and other training-focused ingredients. Its role is athletic performance support rather than anxiety support.
Frequently Asked Questions
Does L-Tyrosine help with anxiety?
L-Tyrosine is not established as an anxiety treatment. Its better-supported role is maintaining aspects of cognitive performance during acute stress, so it may be relevant when anxious feelings occur alongside a demanding, high-stress situation.
For anxiety-specific support, this article explains that L-Theanine has stronger direct research for reducing anxiety: L-Theanine.
Can L-Tyrosine cause anxiety or make anxiety worse?
L-Tyrosine may feel overstimulating for some people, particularly at higher doses or when combined with stimulants. If anxiety worsens, discontinue use and seek medical advice.
If you are prone to anxious overstimulation, this article recommends starting low, avoiding stimulant combinations, and using tyrosine only when it fits the situation.
What does L-Tyrosine do?
L-Tyrosine helps the brain make key catecholamine neurotransmitters, including dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. These brain chemicals support focus, motivation, mood regulation, and mental performance, especially in high-demand or stressful environments.
If you want a deeper neurotransmitter breakdown, see: Nootropic neurotransmitter support.
What is L-Tyrosine good for?
L-Tyrosine is commonly used for mental performance under stress, including memory support, attention, cognitive flexibility, multitasking, and processing speed. People often use it before stressful or demanding scenarios such as sleep deprivation, loud environments, cold exposure, or intense performance situations.
How does L-Tyrosine work in the brain?
L-Tyrosine works as the starting material for a cascade that produces dopamine, then norepinephrine, and then epinephrine. During acute stress, the brain can burn through dopamine and norepinephrine faster than it can replace them. L-Tyrosine may help restore catecholamines toward normal levels during high-demand states.
If you want the dopamine angle expanded, see: Dopamine support and nootropics.
How does L-Tyrosine make you feel?
L-Tyrosine typically feels like sharper mental stamina and clearer thinking when you are under stress or distraction. If your dose is too high or your system is sensitive, it can feel stimulating and may increase tension, irritability, or a wired feeling.
When should I take L-Tyrosine?
The studies in this article generally use L-Tyrosine around stressful or cognitively demanding conditions, but they do not establish one universal timing rule. Follow the directions on the specific supplement you use.
How long does it take for L-Tyrosine to work?
The existing research shows acute use around demanding tasks, but it does not establish an exact onset time that applies to everyone. Timing depends on the formulation, dose, and individual response.
What dose of L-Tyrosine is best for anxiety or stress?
There is no single “best” dose for anxiety because L-Tyrosine is not an established anxiety treatment. Research doses vary widely. Follow product directions and use professional guidance if you have anxiety, cardiovascular concerns, thyroid issues, or take medication.
Can I take L-Tyrosine every day?
Daily use is not necessary for many stress-performance situations discussed here, and the references in this article do not establish long-term daily use as superior. Discuss regular use with a healthcare professional when appropriate.
Should I avoid combining L-Tyrosine with caffeine or stimulants?
Yes, you should avoid combining L-Tyrosine with stimulants if you are prone to anxiety or overstimulation. This article notes that stacking tyrosine with caffeine or stimulant-heavy pre-workouts can overstimulate the system and worsen anxious feelings.
Can you take L-Tyrosine and L-Theanine together?
L-Tyrosine and L-Theanine are combined in some supplement formulas because their roles are complementary—stress-performance support and relaxed focus, respectively. Whether the combination is appropriate depends on dose, sensitivity, other supplements, and medication use.
For a full breakdown, see: L-Theanine and L-Tyrosine together.
Is N-Acetyl L-Tyrosine (NALT) better than regular L-Tyrosine?
NALT is an acetylated form of tyrosine used in some nootropic supplements. The references in this article do not provide enough research to conclude that NALT is better absorbed or more effective than regular L-Tyrosine.
Can L-Tyrosine raise blood pressure or increase heart rate?
L-Tyrosine can affect arousal-related systems, so blood pressure concerns are a valid question. This article notes that overly high doses may increase blood pressure and that tyrosine should be used carefully if you have high blood pressure or heart issues. It also describes research where tyrosine supported performance under extreme stress and may influence blood pressure responses in those contexts.
If you have blood pressure concerns, consult your doctor before using tyrosine.
Who should not take L-Tyrosine?
People with thyroid, blood-pressure, heart, or significant anxiety concerns—and those taking MAO inhibitors, thyroid medicines, or other prescription medication—should get medical advice before using L-Tyrosine.
Is L-Theanine better than L-Tyrosine for anxiety?
L-Theanine is more directly associated with relaxation, while L-Tyrosine is better supported for cognitive performance under stress. Neither should be presented as a replacement for appropriate care for an anxiety disorder.
Read more here: L-Theanine.
What else can help anxiety besides supplements?
This article highlights evidence-based options including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), mindfulness-based interventions, yoga, regular physical exercise, and acupuncture. A healthcare professional can help determine which approaches fit your needs.
If panic symptoms are part of your experience, you may also find this helpful: Nootropics for panic attacks.
What are the best supplements with L-Tyrosine for anxiety support?
This article highlights two formulas that include tyrosine and theanine together. Mind Lab Pro includes 175 mg of tyrosine as NALT plus 100 mg of L-Theanine, and Pre Lab Pro includes 400 mg of L-Tyrosine plus 160 mg of L-Theanine, designed for performance and training contexts.
For the product mechanism overview, see: How Mind Lab Pro works.
Mind Lab Pro® and L-Tyrosine: Bottom Line
Mind Lab Pro® includes 175 mg of N-Acetyl L-Tyrosine alongside L-Theanine and other nootropics. In the context of this article, its most realistic fit is broad cognitive support during demanding situations—not treating anxiety. The formula has also been evaluated in three human studies examining information processing, memory, and brain-network activity.(2,3,4)
Summary
L-Tyrosine is best supported as a cognitive-performance tool for stressful, high-demand situations. As a precursor used to make dopamine and norepinephrine, it may help support memory, focus, mental clarity, and cognitive flexibility when stress increases catecholamine demand.
That does not make L-Tyrosine an anxiety treatment. Some people may find it stimulating, and dose, medication interactions, thyroid or cardiovascular health, and individual sensitivity all matter. L-Theanine may be a better fit when the primary goal is relaxation rather than stress-performance support.
Diet, sleep, exercise, therapy, mindfulness, and other appropriate care remain important parts of overall mental wellness. If you have persistent anxiety or take prescription medicines, consult a qualified healthcare professional before adding L-Tyrosine or other dietary supplements.
References
- National Institute of Mental Health. Any Anxiety Disorder: Prevalence of Any Anxiety Disorder Among Adults. Link
- Utley A, Gonzalez Y, Imboden CA. The Efficacy of A Nootropic Supplement on Information Processing in Adults: A Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Study. Biomed J Sci & Tech Res 49(1)-2023. BJSTR. MS.ID.007746. Link
- Abbott-Imboden C., Gonzalez Y., Utley A. (2023). Efficacy of the nootropic supplement Mind Lab Pro on memory in adults: Double blind, placebo-controlled study. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental, e2872. Link
- O’Reilly, D., Bolam, J., Delis, I., & Utley, A. (2025). Effect of a Plant-Based Nootropic Supplement on Perceptual Decision-Making and Brain Network Interdependencies: A Randomised, Double-Blinded, and Placebo-Controlled Study. Brain Sciences, 15(3), 226. Link
- Shurtleff, D., Thomas, J. R., Schrot, J., Kowalski, K., & Harford, R. (1994). Tyrosine reverses a cold-induced working memory deficit in humans. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 47(4), 935–941. Link
- Deijen, J. B., Wientjes, C. J. E., Vullinghs, H. F. J., Cloin, P. A., & Langefeld, J. J. (1992). Tyrosine improves cognitive performance and reduces blood pressure in cadets after one week of a combat training course. Brain Research Bulletin, 48(2), 203–209. Link
- Neri, D. F., Wiegmann, D., Stanny, R. R., Shappell, S. A., McCardie, A., & McKay, D. L. (1995). The effects of tyrosine on cognitive performance during extended wakefulness. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 66(4), 313–319. Link
- Deijen, J. B., & Orlebeke, J. F. (1994). Effect of tyrosine on cognitive function and blood pressure under stress. Brain Research Bulletin, 33(3), 319–323. Link
- APA Reference: Lieberman, H. R., Kellogg, M. D., Kramer, F. M., Popper, R., & Lesher, L. L. (2005). The catecholamine neurotransmitter precursor tyrosine increases anger during exposure to severe psychological stress. Physiology & Behavior, 84(5), 667–677. Link
- Moshfeghinia R, Sanaei E, Mostafavi S, Assadian K, Sanaei A, Ayano G. The effects of L-theanine supplementation on the outcomes of patients with mental disorders: a systematic review. BMC Psychiatry. 2024 Dec 4;24(1):886. Link
- Hofmann, S. G., Asnaani, A., Vonk, I. J., Sawyer, A. T., & Fang, A. (2012). The Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: A Review of Meta-analyses. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 36(5), 427–440. Link
- Hofmann, S. G., Sawyer, A. T., Witt, A. A., & Oh, D. (2010). The Effect of Mindfulness-Based Therapy on Anxiety and Depression: A Meta-Analytic Review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78(2), 169–183. Link
- Cramer, H., Lauche, R., Langhorst, J., & Dobos, G. (2013). Yoga for Anxiety: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Depression and Anxiety, 30(11), 1068–1078. Link
- Stubbs, B., Vancampfort, D., Rosenbaum, S., Firth, J., Cosco, T., Veronese, N., ... & Schuch, F. B. (2017). An Examination of the Anxiolytic Effects of Exercise for People with Anxiety and Stress-Related Disorders: A Meta-Analysis. Psychiatry Research, 249, 102–108. Link
- Amorim, D., Amado, J., Brito, I., Fiuza, S. M., Amorim, N., Costeira, C., & Machado, J. P. (2018). Acupuncture and Electroacupuncture for Anxiety Disorders: A Systematic Review of the Clinical Research. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 31, 31–37. Link
